David L. Morris: Vet Column 5-30-11

Beef Quality Assurance has been an important part of beef production for the past 20 years. Since dairy producers derive 15 percent of their income from the sale of market cows, Dairy Beef Quality Assurance programs are also becoming increasingly important to maintaining and enhancing consumer satisfaction with beef products. Beef quality assurance issues and responsible production practices have also driven the development of newer animal health and production products. With focus on injectable antibiotics, vaccines, anti-inflammatories, and other injectable non-hormonal products, less attention by many administering various injectable products to cattle has been paid to the use of common injectable hormone products such as prostaglandins (Lutalyse®, Estrumate®, IN-SYNCH®, etc.) and gonadotrophins (Cystorelin®, Factrel®, Fertagyl®, etc.). This occurs even though product labels and inserts direct attention to quality assurance reminders. Most, if not all, of the commonly used hormone products are clear, colorless, and, therefore, must be safe. Right? Investigators from North Dakota State University and Texas A&M University recently published data assessing the tissue impact of injecting reproductive hormone products to cattle to answer that question. Cystorelin® (2 cc), Lutalyse® (5 cc), Banamine® (5 cc), saline (5 cc), and needle alone (20 gauge dry sterile needle inserted and removed) were used as treatments of intramuscular injections for this study. Ten health non-pregnant first-, second-, and third-lactation dairy cows less than All injections were made in the two major muscles in the back of the rear legs. Banamine® intramuscularly is an extra-label use of the product, but because of its potential for tissue damage, it was used as a positive control. The assessment of muscle damage was made by measuring the concentration of creatine kinase, an enzyme associated with muscle damage, in the serum. Blood samples were taken immediately before the injection, and at two, four, eight, 24, 48, and 72 hours after injection. Results of this study indicate that Lutalyse® and Banamine® caused more tissue damage than needle only, saline, or Cystorelin®. Although statistical significance did not find differences in tissue damage associated with Cystorelin®, it cannot be inferred from this study that no tissue damage occurred with the use of Cystorelin®.

Intramuscular Injections: Steps for Administering a Intramuscular ...

Intramuscular injections are injections administered into a muscle. These injections are absorbed more quickly than subcutaneous injections because of the greater blood supply to the muscles. A 90-degree angle is used for injection. Aspiration is done to confirm that the needle is not in a blood vessel.This blog will cover many of the factors involved in these injections.

Clinical Nursing Procedures

Intramuscular injections are generally given when a more rapid absorption ... Before administering any medication, the nurse should know the actions of the ...

DRAWING UP AND ADMINISTERING INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS.

Textbook of basic nursing

There are a number of commonalities between the administration of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. The major difference is the choice of the site, ...

Understanding nursing research

This information is essential for you to know in giving IM injections to ensure ... (These guidelines for administration of IM injections are presented in ...

Foundations of nursing

... from a Vial 686 Procedure 27-1 1 Administering an Intradermal Injection 688 ... Injection 691 Procedure 27-1 3 Administering an Intramuscular Injection ...