On the 90th Anniversary of the Tulsa Race Riots

Wall Street is synonymous worldwide with commerce, wealth and power.

However, very few can say they've ever heard of “Black [Negro] Wall Street,” the name given to the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

In fact, the story of Black Wall Street has been all but erased—not only from U.S. history books—but also from much of America’s memory. Tuesday, May 31, marks the 90 Anniversary of The Black Wall Street Massacre.

There's no more fitting time than the present to remind all who will listen about this important occurrence in America’s history, as the story of Black Wall Street not only serves as a testament of how far we have come as a country in achieving equal rights, but also, how far we have left to go.

In 1830, President Andrew Jackson renewed the Indian Removal Act, a great military effort to remove massive tribes of Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee-Creek, and Seminole (sometimes collectively referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes).

With the renewal of this act, huge numbers of Native Americans were forced to abandon their homes in the Deep South and move to the West and Midwest areas of the United States. Many African-Americans accompanied these native tribes on their journey in what would later be known as the “Trail of Tears.”

A large group of blacks and natives began settling in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the Greenwood District. And by 1870, more than 6000 African-Americans and natives lived in the Oklahoma territory.

Oil was discovered in Tulsa around the late 1800s, early 1900s. By 1920, Tulsa, Oklahoma, had grown into a thriving, bustling, enormously wealthy town of 73,000 inhabitants, with bank deposits totaling over $65 million.

However, Tulsa was a "tale of two cities isolated and insular,” one black and one white. The city was so segregated that it was the only one in America that boasted of separate telephone booths.

Since blacks in Tulsa could neither live among whites as equals nor patronize white businesses, they began to develop a completely separate business district where only they shopped and spent money.

The business district, beginning at the intersection of Greenwood Avenue and Archer Street, became so successful and vibrant that Booker T. Washington during his visit bestowed on it the moniker "Negro Wall Street." By 1921, Tulsa’s African-American population totaled 11,000.

Pieces of the Past: Seminole Patchwork | Patchwork Chronicles ...

Or patchwork scraps of solid cotton fabric used for clothing by the Seminole Indians.  Designs such as cross or sacred fire, arrow, zigzag, bird, wave, mountains, and diamondback rattlesnake were patterns with religious, family, historical or everyday life significance.  First viewed by the public in the early 1900s, Seminole patchwork continues to intrigue those who sew, quilt, or enjoy art.  The plight of the Seminole is a sad Native American story, and yet the bravery and determination of a few assured the propagation of a colorful, talented group.

The 1830 In dian Removal Policy of President Andrew Jackson forced the Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creek (Miccosukee), Cherokees and Seminoles to flee from Georgia and Alabama to Florida.  Seminole because they adopted many ways of the white civilization, such as living in cabins, wearing similar clothing and often becoming Christians.  As their environment changed, so did their clothing.  No longer needing clothes of animal furs and hides for colder climates, new garment making techniques were developed.